Simulation Examples
The examples below cover motors, transformers, power cables, induction heating and high-voltage insulation, each with a complete problem type, geometry, material parameters, boundary conditions and computed results — several are cross-checked directly against CIGRE, IEC and other standard reference values.
Motors & Drives7 examples
Magnetic field, torque and back-EMF calculations for BLDC motors, induction motors and axial flux motors
BLDC motor torque ripple
Average torque and torque ripple of a BLDC motor during electronic commutation, reflecting torque fluctuation as different stator phases are energized.
BLDC motor slots skewing
Cogging torque and no-load back EMF of a BLDC motor with skewed stator slots, assessing how skewing improves torque ripple and back-EMF waveform.
Brushless DC motor
Electromagnetic torque of a brushless DC motor as a function of rotor position, covering one mechanical cycle of the permanent magnet rotor.
Shaded pole induction motor
Locked-rotor torque of a single-phase shaded pole induction motor, computed from the magnetic field and induced rotor currents with the rotor stationary.
Axial flux motor back EMF
No-load back EMF in the stator windings of an axial flux motor, obtained at a given speed over a series of rotor positions.
Magnetic field in the air gap of DC electric motor
Magnetic field distribution in the air gap of a DC motor, and a comparison of the pole leakage factor under two different modeling formulations.
Unbalanced magnetic pull
Unbalanced magnetic pull produced by an eccentricity between the rotor and stator magnetic centers of a permanent magnet synchronous generator.
Transformers & Reactors5 examples
Leakage flux, short-circuit impedance, iron loss, and coupled field-circuit simulation for current transformers and pulse transformers
Electric arc furnace transformer short circuit
Short-circuit voltage, winding forces and stray leakage flux of an electric arc furnace transformer under short-circuit test conditions.
Laminated iron core losses
No-load iron loss of a transformer's laminated core, computed from the field cycle and iron loss characteristics under the given excitation.
Split core current transformer
Output voltage of a split-core current transformer feeding a voltmeter with finite internal resistance, computed from the given primary current and core parameters.
Pulse transformer
Current response in the primary, secondary and tertiary windings of a pulse transformer after a square-wave voltage pulse is applied to the primary winding.
Welding transformer
Output voltage-current characteristic of a welding transformer, reflecting how the secondary voltage varies with load current and load resistance.
Cables & Transmission6 examples
Ampacity, temperature field, terminal electric field, skin and proximity effects, including CIGRE-standard validation examples
3-phase cable thermal analysis, CIGRE TB 880 Case #0-1
Temperature field of a three-phase cable computed for the rated current and laying conditions given in CIGRE TB 880 Case #0-1.
Underground cables crossing
Soil temperature distribution and conductor temperature at the crossing point of two single-phase underground cables buried at different depths.
Cable termination to oil filled bushing
Electric field strength distribution inside a cable termination connected to an oil-filled bushing, showing how the stress cone and semiconducting deflector reduce the field.
Proximity effect
Current density distribution across the cross-section of two long parallel conductors, comparing the proximity effect in solid copper rods and hollow steel pipes.
Underground cable temperature
Temperature distribution of the components of a 400 kV self-contained oil-filled cable system, following IEC 60853-2 Example F2.
Wires capacitive coupling
Mutual capacitance between two perpendicular crossing wires, quantifying the electrostatic coupling produced by the electric field between conductors at opposite potentials.
Induction Heating & Heat Transfer5 examples
Induction heating of billets, induction cookers, industrial furnace temperature fields, and heat transfer analysis of buildings and equipment
Induction heating with temperature dependent properties
Temperature distribution during induction heating of a steel billet, whose electromagnetic and thermal properties change significantly with temperature.
Induction cooker
Joule heat power and heating efficiency of an induction cooker's pot, produced by the high-frequency magnetic field of the hob coil.
Temperature field inside the crucible stove
Temperature distribution inside a crucible stove, computed from the given geometry, material properties, heat sources and thermal boundary conditions.
Vessel
Heat flux through the spherical wall of an insulated vessel, which separates a heated interior medium from a cooler environment, with fixed temperatures on both sides.
Underfloor heating
Floor surface temperature distribution and heating efficiency of an underfloor heating system, including the useful heat flow upward and the heat loss downward.
High-Voltage Insulation3 examples
Bushing field grading, insulator leakage current heating, and electric field strength in cable insulation
Condenser bushing field grading
Electric field strength distribution and C1, C2 capacitances of a condenser-type transformer bushing with internal grading foils and oil-impregnated paper insulation.
Disc insulator leakage current
Heating produced by leakage current in a disc insulator on a transmission line, and the resulting temperature distribution inside the insulator material.
Cable insulation electric stress
Electric field strength distribution in the insulation of a three-phase power cable with sector-shaped conductors, including the conductor geometry and grounded metal screen.
Current Flow & Grounding4 examples
Grounding grid resistance, conductor current distribution, insulation leakage current and transient electric field analysis
Earthing grid resistance
Resistance of a buried earthing grid for given conductor length, grid area and burial depth, compared against the value computed with IEEE 80.
Current flow in conductor with various cross-sections
Current distribution and current concentration in a conductor whose cross-section varies along the current path, reflecting the effect of non-uniform geometry.
Coaxial line leakage current
DC leakage current and insulation resistance of a coaxial line, compared with the analytical formula for coaxial resistance.
Skin fold in the transient electric field
Transient electric field strength and current density distribution in a folded skin sample placed between plate electrodes, under a voltage pulse.
Structural & Multiphysics Coupling3 examples
Stress, strain and deformation caused by electromagnetic force and thermal loads, including validation examples cross-checked against analytical solutions and published literature
Stress distribution in a long solenoid
Flux density in a long, thick-walled solenoid carrying a uniform circumferential current, and the resulting mechanical stress distribution.
Pipe subject to temperature and pressure
Mechanical stress distribution in a cylindrical pipe subjected simultaneously to internal pressure and a given radial temperature difference.
TOKAMAK solenoid mechanical stress
Electromagnetic force, mechanical stress and deformation of the central solenoid in a TOKAMAK ohmic heating system, under electromagnetic loading.